{"id":86426,"date":"2020-04-22T07:48:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T07:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/?post_type=artists&#038;p=86426"},"modified":"2020-04-22T07:48:00","modified_gmt":"2020-04-22T07:48:00","slug":"gustav-mahler","status":"publish","type":"artists","link":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/en\/artists\/gustav-mahler\/","title":{"rendered":"Gustav Mahler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>(Kalischt, 1860. j\u00fal. 7. &#8211; B\u00e9cs, 1911. m\u00e1j. 18.)<\/b><br \/>\nOsztr\u00e1k karmester \u00e9s zeneszerz\u0151. Ifj\u00fakor\u00e1t Csehorsz\u00e1gban t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte, zenei tanulm\u00e1nyait B\u00e9csben (konzervat\u00f3rium), mag\u00e1ntanulm\u00e1nyait Brucknern\u00e1l v\u00e9gzett. Mahler a legnagyobb szab\u00e1s\u00fa karmester-egy\u00e9nis\u00e9gek egyike volt, nem ismert megalkuv\u00e1st, g\u00f6rcs\u00f6sen ragaszkodott az el\u0151ad\u00e1sok m\u0171v\u00e9szi ide\u00e1lj\u00e1hoz s mint \u00f6nmag\u00e1t\u00f3l, \u00fagy az el\u0151ad\u00f3kt\u00f3l is erej\u00fck \u00e1lland\u00f3, teljes megfesz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t k\u00f6vetelte. Ahol m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00f6tt, minden\u00fctt hatalmasan fellend\u00edtette a m\u0171v\u00e9szi k\u00f6zszellemet, de mivel nem respekt\u00e1lta a begy\u00f6keresedett megszok\u00e1sokat \u00e9s egy\u00e9ni \u00e9rdekeket, minden \u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1ban csak \u00e1tmeneti helyzete lehetett, melyet ideig-\u00f3r\u00e1ig is csak szinte emberf\u00f6l\u00f6tti energi\u00e1val tudott fenntartani. V\u00e9gs\u0151 odaad\u00e1ssal \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00edtette a m\u0171vek egy\u00e9ni st\u00edlus\u00e1t, f\u0151leg Mozart \u00e9s Wagner operaiban \u00e1ll\u00edtotta fel a betan\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s szuggeszti\u00f3 messze hat\u00f3 mint\u00e1it. Mint operaigazgat\u00f3 1888-91-ben Budapesten vezette be el\u0151sz\u00f6r azt a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1st, mely k\u00e9s\u0151bb oly kit\u0171n\u0151en bev\u00e1lt B\u00e9csben is: a szt\u00e1r- \u00e9s vend\u00e9grendszer lehet\u0151s\u00e9g szerinti le\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se, az int\u00e9zet \u00f6nmaga erej\u00e9b\u0151l val\u00f3 fenntart\u00e1sa \u00e9s magas sz\u00ednvonalra emel\u00e9se. Mahler t\u00f6bbi (opera-karmesteri) \u00e1ll\u00e1sa: Hall (1880), Laibach (1881), Olm\u00fctz (1882) B\u00e9cs (1883), Pr\u00e1ga (1885), Lipcse (1886), Hamburg (1891) 1897-1907-ig ism\u00e9t B\u00e9cs (el\u0151bb karmester, majd igazgat\u00f3); 1898-1900 a b\u00e9csi filharm\u00f3ni\u00e1t is vezeti, 1907-1910-ig New York-i Metropolitan karmestere. \u00c9lete f\u0151c\u00e9lj\u00e1t Mahler a kompon\u00e1l\u00e1sban l\u00e1tta. Val\u00f3di kult\u00farember, k\u00e9telked\u0151 filoz\u00f3fi\u00e1j\u00fa, semmiben megnyugodni nem tud\u00f3, de amellett minden idegsz\u00e1l\u00e1ban a sz\u00e9ps\u00e9g fanatikusa, romantikus k\u00e9pzelet\u0171 m\u0171v\u00e9sz, m\u00e9ly ked\u00e9ly, l\u00e1tnoki hajlam\u00fa pr\u00e9dik\u00e1tor-jellem Hatalmasabb koncepci\u00f3val \u00f3hajtott v\u00e9gs\u0151 komolys\u00e1g\u00fa form\u00e1t adni oly korszak sz\u00e9th\u00faz\u00f3 szellem-\u00e9let\u00e9nek, mely nem volt alkalmas arra, hogy a m\u0171v\u00e9szet nagy form\u00e1inak ter\u00e9n teljes horizont\u00fa \u00f6sszefoglal\u00e1st ny\u00fajtson. E tragikus form\u00e1l\u00f3 akaratban leg\u00e9rt\u00e9kesebb elem Mahler v\u00e9gletes \u0151szintes\u00e9ge; Mahler szem\u00e9ben szent gy\u00f3n\u00e1s a m\u0171v\u00e9szi vallom\u00e1s. Korai m\u0171vei &#8211; t\u00f6bbnyire csak v\u00e1zlatok, tervek &#8211; vagy megsemmis\u00fcltek, vagy elvesztek. Els\u0151 jelent\u0151s kompoz\u00edci\u00f3ja a Klagendes Lied. (&#8220;Els\u0151 m\u0171vem, melyben &#8216;Mahlerk\u00e9nt&#8217; magamra tal\u00e1ltam&#8230; Ezt a m\u0171vet sz\u00e1m\u00edtom op. 1-nek&#8221;). Szimf\u00f3ni\u00e1i: I. D-d\u00far, II. c-moll, III. d-moll, IV. G-d\u00far, V. cisz-moll, VI. a-moll, VII. e-moll, VIII. Esz-d\u00far, IX. D-d\u00far, valamint a Dal a F\u00f6ldr\u0151l. 10. szimf\u00f3ni\u00e1ja (fisz-moll) t\u00f6red\u00e9kben maradt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-86426","artists","type-artists","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["hu","en"],"languages":{"hu":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":{"old_id":"285","rovid_nev":"Gustav Mahler","katalogus_nev":"Gustav Mahler","kiemelt_kep":{"ID":86425,"id":86425,"title":"285_composer_Mahler","filename":"285_composer_Mahler.jpg","filesize":15143,"url":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/en\/artists\/gustav-mahler\/285_composer_mahler\/","alt":"","author":"1","description":"","caption":"","name":"285_composer_mahler","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":86426,"date":"2016-09-08 07:48:49","modified":"2020-04-22 07:48:00","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":170,"height":238,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","medium-width":170,"medium-height":238,"medium_large":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","medium_large-width":170,"medium_large-height":238,"large":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","large-width":170,"large-height":238,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","1536x1536-width":170,"1536x1536-height":238,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","2048x2048-width":170,"2048x2048-height":238,"person-size":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler-165x165.jpg","person-size-width":165,"person-size-height":165,"person-size-2":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","person-size-2-width":157,"person-size-2-height":220,"album-size":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","album-size-width":170,"album-size-height":238,"news-lead-size":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler-170x203.jpg","news-lead-size-width":170,"news-lead-size-height":203,"director-index-size":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","director-index-size-width":170,"director-index-size-height":238,"person-lead-size":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","person-lead-size-width":170,"person-lead-size-height":238,"slider-size":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/f\/image\/__oldsite\/muveszek\/285_composer_Mahler.jpg","slider-size-width":170,"slider-size-height":238}},"bevezeto_szoveg":"","hangszerek":"","szemely_kategoria":"{:hu}zeneszerz\u0151{:}{:en}composer{:}","oldal_megjelenes":[],"videok":false,"szolamvezeto":false,"szulesi_szabadsagon":false,"kiemeles_menube":false},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/artists\/86426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/artists"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/artists"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.filharmonikusok.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}